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a fumigatus strain american type culture collection  (ATCC)


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    ATCC a fumigatus strain american type culture collection
    Schematic study design. Study design illustrating experimental setup of CMV IL-10 pretreatment and A. <t>fumigatus</t> (AF) infection. In addition, single (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) and co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) experimental setups are displayed.
    A Fumigatus Strain American Type Culture Collection, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 110 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/type+strain+atcc+46645/Aspergillus+fumigatus/pmc12607784-162-0-3
    Average 96 stars, based on 110 article reviews
    a fumigatus strain american type culture collection - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10"

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    Journal: mBio

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Schematic study design. Study design illustrating experimental setup of CMV IL-10 pretreatment and A. fumigatus (AF) infection. In addition, single (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) and co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) experimental setups are displayed.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic study design. Study design illustrating experimental setup of CMV IL-10 pretreatment and A. fumigatus (AF) infection. In addition, single (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) and co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) experimental setups are displayed.

    Techniques Used: Infection

    High concentrations of CMV IL-10 attenuate several moDC effector responses to A. fumigatus . ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs exposed to CMV IL-10, A. fumigatus (AF), or both (AF + CMV IL-10). ( B ) Venn diagram summarizing shared and condition-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across multiple comparisons. ( C ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with CMV IL-10 or AF, and co-stimulation. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs. Significant differential expression against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). N = 3 independent donors.
    Figure Legend Snippet: High concentrations of CMV IL-10 attenuate several moDC effector responses to A. fumigatus . ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs exposed to CMV IL-10, A. fumigatus (AF), or both (AF + CMV IL-10). ( B ) Venn diagram summarizing shared and condition-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across multiple comparisons. ( C ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with CMV IL-10 or AF, and co-stimulation. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs. Significant differential expression against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). N = 3 independent donors.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Quantitative Proteomics

    moDC expression profiles differ by infection type, with a rather subtle impact of CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs infected with A. fumigatus (AF), HCMV TB40 or Δ UL111A , or both HCMV and AF (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ). ( B ) Venn diagrams summarizing shared and condition-specific DEGs across multiple comparisons. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors.
    Figure Legend Snippet: moDC expression profiles differ by infection type, with a rather subtle impact of CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs infected with A. fumigatus (AF), HCMV TB40 or Δ UL111A , or both HCMV and AF (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ). ( B ) Venn diagrams summarizing shared and condition-specific DEGs across multiple comparisons. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection

    Despite differences in antiviral protein secretion, viral CMV IL-10 expression only subtly impacts HCMV-induced suppression of antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with HCMV TB40, Δ UL111A , or A. fumigatus (AF), as well as co-infection with both pathogens. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs across six tested conditions. Significance of pairwise comparison against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) is indicated. ( B ) Comparison of cytokine and chemokine release of uninfected moDCs (CTRL) and those challenged with single infection (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) or co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors. ( A ) Statistical significance according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). ( B ) Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus CTRL (asterisks). In addition, single A. fumigatus infection (AF) was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using the Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus AF (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Despite differences in antiviral protein secretion, viral CMV IL-10 expression only subtly impacts HCMV-induced suppression of antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with HCMV TB40, Δ UL111A , or A. fumigatus (AF), as well as co-infection with both pathogens. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs across six tested conditions. Significance of pairwise comparison against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) is indicated. ( B ) Comparison of cytokine and chemokine release of uninfected moDCs (CTRL) and those challenged with single infection (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) or co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors. ( A ) Statistical significance according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). ( B ) Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus CTRL (asterisks). In addition, single A. fumigatus infection (AF) was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using the Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus AF (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Comparison

    Pre-exposure to HCMV time-dependently weakens antifungal effector responses of moDCs. Relative mRNA expression ( A ) and cytokine secretion ( B ) of moDCs (CTRL) challenged individually with TB40, Δ UL111A , A. fumigatus (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF), or in combination (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h (labeled “0 h” viral pre-exposure); or pre-exposed for 24 h/ or 72 h to either HCMV variant with or without subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus for another 9 h (labeled as “24 h” or “72 h” viral pre-exposure). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures (RM) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons ( B ) versus “CTRL,” that is, uninfected moDCs (asterisks). In addition, single AF infection was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using RM 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test ( B ) versus “AF” (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01, ***/### P < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Pre-exposure to HCMV time-dependently weakens antifungal effector responses of moDCs. Relative mRNA expression ( A ) and cytokine secretion ( B ) of moDCs (CTRL) challenged individually with TB40, Δ UL111A , A. fumigatus (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF), or in combination (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h (labeled “0 h” viral pre-exposure); or pre-exposed for 24 h/ or 72 h to either HCMV variant with or without subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus for another 9 h (labeled as “24 h” or “72 h” viral pre-exposure). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures (RM) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons ( B ) versus “CTRL,” that is, uninfected moDCs (asterisks). In addition, single AF infection was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using RM 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test ( B ) versus “AF” (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01, ***/### P < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Labeling, Variant Assay, Infection

    HCMV disrupts antifungal immune responses largely independent of viral CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) Pathway enrichment analysis to assess the viral single infection-adjusted effect of HCMV on transcriptional responses against A. fumigatus during co-infection. Immune-related pathways with absolute z-scores ≥ 1 and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P -values < 0.05 are shown. ( B ) Viral single infection-adjusted expression data for selected individual genes associated with pathogen sensing, cytokine and chemokine production, and moDC maturation to assess the effect of HCMV on antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A and B ) Three separate analyses were performed, considering data for both HCMV strains on aggregate (left column), WT (TB40) HCMV only (center column), and the Δ UL111A mutant only (right column).
    Figure Legend Snippet: HCMV disrupts antifungal immune responses largely independent of viral CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) Pathway enrichment analysis to assess the viral single infection-adjusted effect of HCMV on transcriptional responses against A. fumigatus during co-infection. Immune-related pathways with absolute z-scores ≥ 1 and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P -values < 0.05 are shown. ( B ) Viral single infection-adjusted expression data for selected individual genes associated with pathogen sensing, cytokine and chemokine production, and moDC maturation to assess the effect of HCMV on antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A and B ) Three separate analyses were performed, considering data for both HCMV strains on aggregate (left column), WT (TB40) HCMV only (center column), and the Δ UL111A mutant only (right column).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Mutagenesis

    Preincubation of moDCs with HCMV but not with CMV IL-10 diminishes the capacity of moDCs to control fungal growth. ( A ) Left panel: Study design illustrating experimental setup for IncuCyte-based monitoring of fungal growth and branching of co-infection experiments. Right panel: Representative kinetics of A. fumigatus (AF) hyphal elongation during transition from germ tubes to hyphae (7–18 h of culture) when cultured alone (AF only) or in the presence of moDCs (AF + moDCs, CTRL), including moDCs pre-exposed for 72 h to TB40, Δ UL111A , or CMV IL-10. In addition, images from a representative donor are shown. Green overlays indicate hyphal detection by the NeuroTrack algorithm. ( B ) Growth and morphogenesis of AF during co-culture with unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) or moDCs pre-exposed for different periods (0 h, 24 h, and 72 h) to moDCs to TB40, UL111A , or CMV IL-10. Results are normalized to AF only (= 100%). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s post hoc test versus “AF + CTRL” (asterisks). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Preincubation of moDCs with HCMV but not with CMV IL-10 diminishes the capacity of moDCs to control fungal growth. ( A ) Left panel: Study design illustrating experimental setup for IncuCyte-based monitoring of fungal growth and branching of co-infection experiments. Right panel: Representative kinetics of A. fumigatus (AF) hyphal elongation during transition from germ tubes to hyphae (7–18 h of culture) when cultured alone (AF only) or in the presence of moDCs (AF + moDCs, CTRL), including moDCs pre-exposed for 72 h to TB40, Δ UL111A , or CMV IL-10. In addition, images from a representative donor are shown. Green overlays indicate hyphal detection by the NeuroTrack algorithm. ( B ) Growth and morphogenesis of AF during co-culture with unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) or moDCs pre-exposed for different periods (0 h, 24 h, and 72 h) to moDCs to TB40, UL111A , or CMV IL-10. Results are normalized to AF only (= 100%). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s post hoc test versus “AF + CTRL” (asterisks). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Control, Infection, Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay

    Co-infection with HMCV attenuates various A. fumigatus -induced moDC effector responses in a largely CMV IL-10-independent manner. Left part: Orange arrowheads indicate CMV IL-10 effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Right part: Blue and green arrowheads indicate TB40 and Δ UL111A effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Abbreviations: CCL, CD, Cluster of Differentiation; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; NF-κB, nuclear factor “kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells”; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; T, T lymphocyte; Th, T-helper cell; LILRB, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Co-infection with HMCV attenuates various A. fumigatus -induced moDC effector responses in a largely CMV IL-10-independent manner. Left part: Orange arrowheads indicate CMV IL-10 effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Right part: Blue and green arrowheads indicate TB40 and Δ UL111A effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Abbreviations: CCL, CD, Cluster of Differentiation; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; NF-κB, nuclear factor “kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells”; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; T, T lymphocyte; Th, T-helper cell; LILRB, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

    Techniques Used: Infection

    Related Articles

    Transformation Assay:

    Article Title: The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Network Regulates Development and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
    Article Snippet: .. After transformation of wild-type strain ATCC 46645 with a 5.5-kbp HindIII fragment of plasmid pUCgpaBhph1, a hygromycin B-resistant transformant was identified which showed the same phenotype with respect to growth and sporulation as the gpaB deletion mutant strain CEA17 gpaB (33). ..

    Article Title: The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Network Regulates Development and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
    Article Snippet: .. After transformation of wild-type strain ATCC 46645 with a 5.5-kbp HindIII fragment of plasmid pUCgpaBhph1, a hygromycin B-resistant transformant was identified which showed the same phenotype with respect to growth and sporulation as the gpaB deletion mutant strain CEA17Δ gpaB ( 33 ). ..

    Plasmid Preparation:

    Article Title: The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Network Regulates Development and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
    Article Snippet: .. After transformation of wild-type strain ATCC 46645 with a 5.5-kbp HindIII fragment of plasmid pUCgpaBhph1, a hygromycin B-resistant transformant was identified which showed the same phenotype with respect to growth and sporulation as the gpaB deletion mutant strain CEA17 gpaB (33). ..

    Article Title: The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Network Regulates Development and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
    Article Snippet: .. After transformation of wild-type strain ATCC 46645 with a 5.5-kbp HindIII fragment of plasmid pUCgpaBhph1, a hygromycin B-resistant transformant was identified which showed the same phenotype with respect to growth and sporulation as the gpaB deletion mutant strain CEA17Δ gpaB ( 33 ). ..

    Mutagenesis:

    Article Title: The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Network Regulates Development and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
    Article Snippet: .. After transformation of wild-type strain ATCC 46645 with a 5.5-kbp HindIII fragment of plasmid pUCgpaBhph1, a hygromycin B-resistant transformant was identified which showed the same phenotype with respect to growth and sporulation as the gpaB deletion mutant strain CEA17 gpaB (33). ..

    Article Title: The Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Network Regulates Development and Virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus
    Article Snippet: .. After transformation of wild-type strain ATCC 46645 with a 5.5-kbp HindIII fragment of plasmid pUCgpaBhph1, a hygromycin B-resistant transformant was identified which showed the same phenotype with respect to growth and sporulation as the gpaB deletion mutant strain CEA17Δ gpaB ( 33 ). ..

    Non-Homologous End Joining:

    Article Title: Oligopeptide transport and regulation of extracellular proteolysis are required for growth of Aspergillus fumigatus on complex substrates but not for virulence.
    Article Snippet: Oligopeptides GPGG, GGFL, LWMR and TPRK had been acquired from Bachem AG. .. The wild-type strain ATCC 46645 served as basic A. fumigatus isolate (Hearn and Mackenzie, 1980), which is not impaired in non-homologous end-joining (Krappmann et al., 2006b) to exclude secondary effects. .. A. fumigatus was generally cultured in nitrate-based minimal medium (Käfer, 1977) {1% glucose, 1¥ AspA [1:50 dilution of 50¥ AspA (3.5 M NaNO3, 350 mM KCl, 550 mM KH2PO4, pH 5.5)]}, 0.25 mM MgSO4, 1¥ Trace elements solution; 2% Agar agar (Serva, for solid media) at 37°C.

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Differential Expression of the Aspergillus fumigatus pksP Gene Detected In Vitro and In Vivo with Green Fluorescent Protein
    Article Snippet: .. Traces: A, conidia of strain AfPKSPEGFP4; B, mycelia of strain AfPYRGEGFP1; C, conidia of strain AfPYRGEGFP1; D, mycelia of strain AfPKSPEGFP4; E, conidia of wild-type strain ATCC 46645; F, mycelia of wild-type strain ATCC 46645. (B) Western blot analysis. ..



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    Image Search Results


    Schematic study design. Study design illustrating experimental setup of CMV IL-10 pretreatment and A. fumigatus (AF) infection. In addition, single (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) and co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) experimental setups are displayed.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic study design. Study design illustrating experimental setup of CMV IL-10 pretreatment and A. fumigatus (AF) infection. In addition, single (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) and co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) experimental setups are displayed.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Infection

    High concentrations of CMV IL-10 attenuate several moDC effector responses to A. fumigatus . ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs exposed to CMV IL-10, A. fumigatus (AF), or both (AF + CMV IL-10). ( B ) Venn diagram summarizing shared and condition-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across multiple comparisons. ( C ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with CMV IL-10 or AF, and co-stimulation. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs. Significant differential expression against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). N = 3 independent donors.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: High concentrations of CMV IL-10 attenuate several moDC effector responses to A. fumigatus . ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs exposed to CMV IL-10, A. fumigatus (AF), or both (AF + CMV IL-10). ( B ) Venn diagram summarizing shared and condition-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across multiple comparisons. ( C ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with CMV IL-10 or AF, and co-stimulation. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs. Significant differential expression against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). N = 3 independent donors.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Quantitative Proteomics

    moDC expression profiles differ by infection type, with a rather subtle impact of CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs infected with A. fumigatus (AF), HCMV TB40 or Δ UL111A , or both HCMV and AF (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ). ( B ) Venn diagrams summarizing shared and condition-specific DEGs across multiple comparisons. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: moDC expression profiles differ by infection type, with a rather subtle impact of CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) PCA comparing transcriptomes of moDCs (CTRL) with expression profiles of moDCs infected with A. fumigatus (AF), HCMV TB40 or Δ UL111A , or both HCMV and AF (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ). ( B ) Venn diagrams summarizing shared and condition-specific DEGs across multiple comparisons. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Expressing, Infection

    Despite differences in antiviral protein secretion, viral CMV IL-10 expression only subtly impacts HCMV-induced suppression of antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with HCMV TB40, Δ UL111A , or A. fumigatus (AF), as well as co-infection with both pathogens. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs across six tested conditions. Significance of pairwise comparison against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) is indicated. ( B ) Comparison of cytokine and chemokine release of uninfected moDCs (CTRL) and those challenged with single infection (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) or co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors. ( A ) Statistical significance according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). ( B ) Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus CTRL (asterisks). In addition, single A. fumigatus infection (AF) was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using the Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus AF (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Despite differences in antiviral protein secretion, viral CMV IL-10 expression only subtly impacts HCMV-induced suppression of antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A ) Heatmap displaying DEGs in response to single infections with HCMV TB40, Δ UL111A , or A. fumigatus (AF), as well as co-infection with both pathogens. Left: DEGs associated with infection response. Right: Selected immune-related DEGs across six tested conditions. Significance of pairwise comparison against “CTRL” (symbol: +), “AF” (symbol: ⭘), or both “CTRL and AF” (symbol: ⊕) is indicated. ( B ) Comparison of cytokine and chemokine release of uninfected moDCs (CTRL) and those challenged with single infection (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF) or co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h. ( A and B ) N = 3 independent donors. ( A ) Statistical significance according to DESeq2 analysis (adjusted P ≤ 0.05, log2(|FC|) ≥ 1). ( B ) Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus CTRL (asterisks). In addition, single A. fumigatus infection (AF) was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using the Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test versus AF (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Comparison

    Pre-exposure to HCMV time-dependently weakens antifungal effector responses of moDCs. Relative mRNA expression ( A ) and cytokine secretion ( B ) of moDCs (CTRL) challenged individually with TB40, Δ UL111A , A. fumigatus (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF), or in combination (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h (labeled “0 h” viral pre-exposure); or pre-exposed for 24 h/ or 72 h to either HCMV variant with or without subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus for another 9 h (labeled as “24 h” or “72 h” viral pre-exposure). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures (RM) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons ( B ) versus “CTRL,” that is, uninfected moDCs (asterisks). In addition, single AF infection was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using RM 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test ( B ) versus “AF” (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01, ***/### P < 0.001.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Pre-exposure to HCMV time-dependently weakens antifungal effector responses of moDCs. Relative mRNA expression ( A ) and cytokine secretion ( B ) of moDCs (CTRL) challenged individually with TB40, Δ UL111A , A. fumigatus (TB40, Δ UL111A , AF), or in combination (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) for 9 h (labeled “0 h” viral pre-exposure); or pre-exposed for 24 h/ or 72 h to either HCMV variant with or without subsequent challenge with A. fumigatus for another 9 h (labeled as “24 h” or “72 h” viral pre-exposure). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures (RM) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons ( B ) versus “CTRL,” that is, uninfected moDCs (asterisks). In addition, single AF infection was compared to co-infection (AF + TB40, AF + Δ UL111A ) using RM 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test ( A ) and Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test ( B ) versus “AF” (hash signs). */# P < 0.05, **/## P < 0.01, ***/### P < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Expressing, Labeling, Variant Assay, Infection

    HCMV disrupts antifungal immune responses largely independent of viral CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) Pathway enrichment analysis to assess the viral single infection-adjusted effect of HCMV on transcriptional responses against A. fumigatus during co-infection. Immune-related pathways with absolute z-scores ≥ 1 and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P -values < 0.05 are shown. ( B ) Viral single infection-adjusted expression data for selected individual genes associated with pathogen sensing, cytokine and chemokine production, and moDC maturation to assess the effect of HCMV on antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A and B ) Three separate analyses were performed, considering data for both HCMV strains on aggregate (left column), WT (TB40) HCMV only (center column), and the Δ UL111A mutant only (right column).

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: HCMV disrupts antifungal immune responses largely independent of viral CMV IL-10 expression. ( A ) Pathway enrichment analysis to assess the viral single infection-adjusted effect of HCMV on transcriptional responses against A. fumigatus during co-infection. Immune-related pathways with absolute z-scores ≥ 1 and Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P -values < 0.05 are shown. ( B ) Viral single infection-adjusted expression data for selected individual genes associated with pathogen sensing, cytokine and chemokine production, and moDC maturation to assess the effect of HCMV on antifungal responses during co-infection. ( A and B ) Three separate analyses were performed, considering data for both HCMV strains on aggregate (left column), WT (TB40) HCMV only (center column), and the Δ UL111A mutant only (right column).

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Mutagenesis

    Preincubation of moDCs with HCMV but not with CMV IL-10 diminishes the capacity of moDCs to control fungal growth. ( A ) Left panel: Study design illustrating experimental setup for IncuCyte-based monitoring of fungal growth and branching of co-infection experiments. Right panel: Representative kinetics of A. fumigatus (AF) hyphal elongation during transition from germ tubes to hyphae (7–18 h of culture) when cultured alone (AF only) or in the presence of moDCs (AF + moDCs, CTRL), including moDCs pre-exposed for 72 h to TB40, Δ UL111A , or CMV IL-10. In addition, images from a representative donor are shown. Green overlays indicate hyphal detection by the NeuroTrack algorithm. ( B ) Growth and morphogenesis of AF during co-culture with unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) or moDCs pre-exposed for different periods (0 h, 24 h, and 72 h) to moDCs to TB40, UL111A , or CMV IL-10. Results are normalized to AF only (= 100%). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s post hoc test versus “AF + CTRL” (asterisks). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Preincubation of moDCs with HCMV but not with CMV IL-10 diminishes the capacity of moDCs to control fungal growth. ( A ) Left panel: Study design illustrating experimental setup for IncuCyte-based monitoring of fungal growth and branching of co-infection experiments. Right panel: Representative kinetics of A. fumigatus (AF) hyphal elongation during transition from germ tubes to hyphae (7–18 h of culture) when cultured alone (AF only) or in the presence of moDCs (AF + moDCs, CTRL), including moDCs pre-exposed for 72 h to TB40, Δ UL111A , or CMV IL-10. In addition, images from a representative donor are shown. Green overlays indicate hyphal detection by the NeuroTrack algorithm. ( B ) Growth and morphogenesis of AF during co-culture with unchallenged moDCs (CTRL) or moDCs pre-exposed for different periods (0 h, 24 h, and 72 h) to moDCs to TB40, UL111A , or CMV IL-10. Results are normalized to AF only (= 100%). N = 4 independent donors. Columns and error bars indicate means and standard deviations, respectively. Repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s post hoc test versus “AF + CTRL” (asterisks). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Control, Infection, Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay

    Co-infection with HMCV attenuates various A. fumigatus -induced moDC effector responses in a largely CMV IL-10-independent manner. Left part: Orange arrowheads indicate CMV IL-10 effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Right part: Blue and green arrowheads indicate TB40 and Δ UL111A effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Abbreviations: CCL, CD, Cluster of Differentiation; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; NF-κB, nuclear factor “kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells”; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; T, T lymphocyte; Th, T-helper cell; LILRB, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

    Journal: mBio

    Article Title: Unveiling immune interference: how the dendritic cell response to co-infection with Aspergillus fumigatus is modulated by human cytomegalovirus and its virokine CMV IL-10

    doi: 10.1128/mbio.01541-25

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-infection with HMCV attenuates various A. fumigatus -induced moDC effector responses in a largely CMV IL-10-independent manner. Left part: Orange arrowheads indicate CMV IL-10 effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Right part: Blue and green arrowheads indicate TB40 and Δ UL111A effects on A. fumigatus -induced moDC responses. Abbreviations: CCL, CD, Cluster of Differentiation; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; NF-κB, nuclear factor “kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells”; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; T, T lymphocyte; Th, T-helper cell; LILRB, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

    Article Snippet: A. fumigatus strain American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 46645 or Aspergillus reporter (FLARE) conidia ( ) were cultured on beer wort agar at 35°C until conidiophore formation.

    Techniques: Infection